各位代表： 现在，我受全国人大常委会委托，向大会报告工作，请予审议。 过去一年的主要工作 2013年，面对错综复杂的国际形势和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，以习近平同志为总书记的党中央，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，团结带领全国各族人民，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，沉着应对各种风险和挑战，全面推进社会主义经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设，对全面深化改革作出总体部署，各项工作取得新的重大进展，得到了全党和全国各族人民的衷心拥护。 过去一年，是十二届全国人大常委会依法履职的第一年。常委会全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届二中、三中全会精神，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央领导下，贯彻落实十二届全国人大一次会议精神，认真行使宪法和法律赋予的职权，在以往基础上推动人大工作迈出新步伐，实现本届常委会工作的良好开局，为加强社会主义民主法治建设、全面建成小康社会、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦作出了积极贡献。 一、统筹部署十二届全国人大常委会工作 党的十八大对新的时代条件下坚持和发展中国特色社会主义作出全面部署。党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为总书记的党中央，围绕改革发展稳定、内政外交国防、治党治国治军，提出许多新思想新观点新论断新要求，为党和国家事业进一步发展指明了方向。十二届全国人大常委会紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局，在深刻分析人大工作新形势新任务的基础上，提出了本届常委会工作的总体思路、基本要求和主要任务，努力为全面深化改革、促进社会主义民主法治建设提供有力保障。 ——坚定不移走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路，把人民代表大会制度坚持好完善好发展好。坚持人民主体地位，发展更加广泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主，支持和保证人民通过人民代表大会行使国家权力。毫不动摇地坚持、与时俱进地发展人民代表大会制度，不断丰富人民代表大会制度的实践特色和时代特色，充分发挥人民代表大会制度的根本政治制度作用。 ——全面推进依法治国，维护宪法和法律权威。坚持依法治国、依法执政、依法行政共同推进，坚持法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设。推动各级国家行政机关依法行政，规范政府行为，推动各级审判机关、检察机关公正司法，提高司法公信力，做到有法必依、执法必严、违法必究，维护人民权益，促进社会公平正义。加强对宪法和法律实施情况的监督检查，维护国家法制统一、尊严、权威。 ——充分发挥最高国家权力机关在建设社会主义法治国家中的重要作用，努力开创人大工作新局面。全国人大及其常委会处在社会主义民主法治建设的第一线，在全面推进依法治国进程中担负着重要职责，要把坚持依法治国、维护宪法和法律权威作为人大及其常委会的重要任务，依法行使立法、监督、决定、任免等职权，推动中央重大决策部署的贯彻落实。加强重点领域立法，着力提高立法质量。依法加强和改进监督工作，着力增强监督实效。支持和保障代表依法执行代表职务，密切代表同人民群众的联系。 ——编制立法规划，推动中国特色社会主义法律体系发展完善。立法是依法治国的前提和基础。我们全面分析中国特色社会主义法律体系形成后立法工作面临的新情况新要求，在认真梳理代表议案建议、深入调查研究、反复论证协商的基础上，编制了十二届全国人大常委会立法规划，并及时召开立法工作会议，明确本届任期内立法工作的目标任务、工作要求和落实措施。强调要坚持以中国特色社会主义理论体系为指导，坚持从中国国情和实际出发，坚持以人为本、立法为民，坚持通过完备的法律推动宪法实施，积极推进科学立法、民主立法，不断完善中国特色社会主义法律体系。 REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL PEOPLE'S CONGRESS Delivered at the Second Session of the Twelfth National People's Congress on March 9, 2014 Zhang Dejiang Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Fellow Deputies, On behalf of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), I now present to you the report on its work for your deliberation. Major Work of the Past Year In 2013, in the face of the complex international situation and the arduous domestic tasks of reform, development and stability, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary held high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and united with and led the people of all of China's ethnic groups in adhering to the general work guideline of making progress while maintaining stability; responding to all risks and challenges calmly; stimulating socialist economic, political, cultural, social and ecological advancement in an all-around way; making overall arrangements for comprehensively deepening reform; and making major progress in all its work, thus winning the heartfelt support of the whole Party and the people of all of our ethnic groups. The past year was the first year for the Standing Committee of the Twelfth NPC to perform its functions in accordance with the law. The Standing Committee comprehensively implemented the guiding principles set forth at the Eighteenth National Party Congress and the second and third plenary sessions of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee, and took Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development as its guide. Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary, the Standing Committee implemented the guiding principles of the First Session of the Twelfth NPC and conscientiously performed the powers and functions conferred on it by the Constitution and laws. Building on past achievements, the Standing Committee took new steps in the work of the NPC, and ensured that its work got off to a good start. Thus, the Standing Committee made positive contributions to strengthening socialist democracy and the socialist rule of law, finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and realizing the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 1. We made comprehensive arrangements for the Standing Committee of the Twelfth NPC. The Eighteenth National Party Congress drew up a comprehensive plan for adhering to and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics under the new conditions of the times. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary has charted the course for making progress in the Party and country's cause since the conclusion of the congress by putting forward many new ideas, viewpoints, judgments and requirements centered on reform, development and stability; on domestic affairs, foreign relations and national defense; and on running the Party, country and armed forces. Bearing the overall work of the Party and country firmly in mind, the Standing Committee of the Twelfth NPC set forth the general thinking, basic requirements and main tasks for its work on the basis of a thorough analysis of the new circumstances and tasks of the NPC's work, and provided powerful guarantees for comprehensively deepening reform and promoting the development of socialist democracy and the socialist rule of law. -- We unswervingly kept to the socialist path of political development with Chinese characteristics and adhered to, improved and developed the system of people's congresses. We upheld the people's principal position in the country; made people's democracy more widespread, granted it more fully, and developed it further; and supported and ensured the exercise of state power by the people through people's congresses. We unwaveringly adhered to the system of people's congresses and developed it as required by the times, constantly enriched its practicality and suitability to the times, and got the system of people's congresses to fully play its role as China's fundamental political system. -- We promoted the rule of law in all respects and safeguarded the sanctity of the Constitution and laws. We ensured that the country is governed, governance is exercised and administration is conducted all in accordance with the law, and that our country, government and society are all based on the law. We standardized government activities and made sure that state administrative bodies at all levels function in accordance with the law. We got judicial and procuratorial bodies at all levels to be fair in administering justice. We enhanced judicial credibility, and ensured that laws are observed and strictly enforced, violators are punished, and people's rights and interests are safeguarded. We promoted social fairness and justice. We strengthened oversight and inspection of compliance with the Constitution and laws and safeguarded the unity, sanctity and authority of the country's legal system. -- We got the NPC and its Standing Committee to fully play their important roles as the country's highest organs of state power in building a law-based socialist country, and strove to initiate a new phase in the work of the NPC. The NPC and its Standing Committee stays in the forefront of developing socialist democracy and the socialist rule of law, and shoulders important responsibility in the course of comprehensively promoting law-based governance. Therefore, we should view steadfastly running the country in accordance with the law and safeguarding the authority of the Constitution and laws as important tasks of the NPC and its Standing Committee. We exercised our legislative, oversight, policymaking, and personnel appointment and dismissal powers in accordance with the law, and gave impetus to implementing the major decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee. We strengthened legislation in key areas and focused on improving the quality of legislation. We strengthened and improved our oversight work in accordance with the law and focused on making oversight more effective. We supported NPC deputies in the lawful performance of their duties, ensured that they could perform them and got them to close ranks with the people. -- We drew up a legislative plan and developed and improved the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics. Legislation is a prerequisite and foundation for the rule of law. We drew up a legislative plan for the Standing Committee of the Twelfth NPC based on a comprehensive analysis of the new circumstances and requirements for our legislative work after the establishment of the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics, and on a careful review of bills and proposals put forward by NPC deputies, in-depth investigations and studies, and repeated discussions and consultations. In addition, we promptly held a meeting on legislative work to determine the targets, tasks and requirements of the legislative work for the current term and the steps for fulfilling them. We stressed the need to be guided by the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, proceed from China's conditions and realities, put people first, pass legislation for the benefit of the people, and further the implementation of the Constitution through well-developed laws. We also stressed the need to make laws scientifically and democratically, and constantly improve the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics. 二、以提高立法质量为核心，立法工作迈出新步伐 一年来，常委会审议了15件法律和有关法律问题的决定草案，通过了其中的10件；涉及修改21部法律，新制定2部法律。 第一，适应经济社会发展需要，相继完成一批重点立法项目。为促进旅游业持续健康发展，常委会制定旅游法，重点保障旅游者的合法权益，规范旅游市场秩序和经营活动，完善旅游纠纷解决机制，并明确规定了政府在规划、促进和监管旅游业发展等方面的责任。我国各类锅炉、压力容器、电梯、大型游乐设施等特种设备使用广泛。常委会制定的特种设备安全法，重点强化了特种设备生产安装、经营使用、维护保养、检验检测等全过程监管，确立了特种设备身份管理制度、质量责任追溯制度、产品召回和报废制度等，对于依法加强特种设备安全监管、保护人民群众生命财产安全具有重要意义。常委会对与人民群众生活密切相关的消费者权益保护法作出重要修改，从充实细化消费者权益、强化经营者义务与责任、规范网络购物等新型消费方式、更好发挥消费者协会作用等方面，进一步完善相关法律规定，维护消费市场秩序，保护消费者合法权益。常委会还修改商标法，进一步简化商标注册、审查程序，扩大商标注册范围，厘清驰名商标保护制度，严格商标侵权行为的法律责任。 常委会对环境保护法修订草案进行了两次审议。常委会组成人员强调，要充分认识环境保护工作的紧迫性、长期性和复杂性，深入分析环境问题产生的深层次原因，通过完善法律制度，加强环境管理过程控制，强化污染物排放行为监管，加大违法行为惩治力度，着力解决群众反映强烈的大气、水、土壤污染等环境突出问题，努力从根本上扭转环境质量恶化趋势。常委会还审议了资产评估法草案和行政诉讼法、军事设施保护法、安全生产法修正案草案等。 第二，及时通过相关决定、决议，保证重大改革依法有序进行。贯彻落实中央部署和十二届全国人大一次会议批准的《国务院机构改革和职能转变方案》，常委会采取一揽子修改的方式，先后通过关于修改文物保护法等12部法律的决定、关于修改海洋环境保护法等7部法律的决定，授权国务院在中国（上海）自由贸易试验区暂时调整有关法律规定的行政审批，取消和下放一批行政审批事项，创新对外开放模式，改革工商登记制度。这有利于进一步简政放权，激发经济社会发展活力，使市场在资源配置中起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用。 党的十八届三中全会明确提出，废止劳动教养制度，逐步调整完善生育政策。国务院提出相关议案后，常委会经过认真审议，通过关于废止有关劳动教养法律规定的决定，明确废止全国人大常委会的相关决议及《国务院关于劳动教养问题的决定》、《国务院关于劳动教养的补充规定》；通过关于调整完善生育政策的决议，启动实施一方是独生子女的夫妇可生育两个孩子的政策。 第三，通过有关历史纪念日的决定，进一步弘扬爱国主义精神。为了牢记历史、不忘过去、珍爱和平、开创未来，常委会根据近年来全国人大代表、全国政协委员和社会各界人士提出的建议，审议通过了关于确定中国人民抗日战争胜利纪念日的决定，将9月3日确定为中国人民抗日战争胜利纪念日；审议通过了关于设立南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日的决定，将12月13日设立为南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日。全国人大常委会以立法形式确立这两个纪念日，对于进一步凝聚全国各族人民的意志和力量，实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，促进人类和平与发展的崇高事业，具有十分重要的意义。 第四，积极推进科学立法、民主立法，着力提高立法质量。当前，人民群众对立法的期盼，是法律管不管用、能不能解决实际问题。常委会把提高立法质量摆在更加突出的位置，完善立法工作机制和方式，立法科学化、民主化水平不断提高。 一是增强法律的可执行性、可操作性。针对一些法律规定比较原则、需要制定的配套法规和规章过多等问题，强调要科学严密设计法律规范，能具体就尽量具体，能明确就尽量明确，努力使制定和修改的法律立得住、行得通、切实管用。常委会在制定特种设备安全法的过程中，认真总结特种设备安全监管实践经验，对二次审议稿作出较大幅度的补充和细化，仅法律草案条文就从72条增加到了101条。 二是探索法律出台前评估工作。在旅游法草案提请审议表决前，我们邀请部分全国人大代表、旅游者和旅游经营者、专家学者召开座谈会，对法律草案内容的可行性、法律出台时机以及实施后的社会效果等进行综合评估，为立法决策提供参考。此后，又针对3部法律草案开展法律出台前评估。实践证明，这有利于把正向思维和逆向思维结合起来，既重视法律适用对象和专家学者的意见，也认真考虑法律执行部门的意见，使得立法工作更加科学周全。 三是完善公布法律草案征求意见机制。在向社会公布法律草案一次审议稿的基础上，明确法律草案二次审议稿也要向社会全文公布，继续广泛征求各方面意见和建议。同时，健全公众意见采纳情况反馈机制，积极回应社会关切。在制定旅游法、修改商标法和消费者权益保护法的过程中，针对公众反映比较集中的零负团费、强迫购物等旅游乱象，商标审查时间过长、网络购物实行无理由退货等问题，从法律上作出明确规定。 一年来，常委会还决定批准我国与外国缔结的条约、协定以及加入的国际公约4件，决定和批准任免一批国家机关工作人员。 2. We made progress in our legislative work, with the focus on raising the quality of legislation. Over the past year, the Standing Committee deliberated 15 bills and draft decisions on legal issues, of which ten of them were passed; and revised 21 laws and enacted two. First, we finished a number of key legislative projects to meet the needs of economic and social development. In order to ensure sustained, sound development of tourism, the Standing Committee enacted the Tourism Law, the main purpose of which is to protect the legitimate rights and interests of tourists; maintain order and standardize business activities in the tourism market; improve mechanisms for solving tourism disputes; and clarify the government's role in planning, promoting and overseeing the development of tourism. In light of the wide use of special equipment such as boilers, pressure vessels, elevators and escalators, and large recreational equipment in China, the Standing Committee enacted the Special Equipment Safety Law to stress the whole process of oversight and supervision of such equipment from manufacturing and installation to operation and use, maintenance, and inspection and testing, and then put in place systems for special equipment's identity management, quality accountability, and product's recalling and scrapping. This significantly strengthens safety oversight and supervision of special equipment and better protects people's life and property in accordance with the law. The Standing Committee made significant revisions to the Law on the Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interests, which is closely related to people's lives. The revised law maintains market order and safeguards consumers' legitimate rights and interests by specifying them in greater detail, increasing the obligations and responsibilities of managers, standardizing online shopping and other new types of consumption, and giving consumers' associations a bigger role to play. The Standing Committee also revised the Trademark Law, streamlined trademark registration and examination procedures, made more items eligible for registration as trademarks, improved the protection system for famous trademarks, and tightened legal responsibilities for trademark infringement. The Standing Committee deliberated draft revisions to the Environmental Protection Law twice. Its members stressed the need to be fully aware that protecting the environment is an urgent and complex task that requires long-term efforts. It is necessary to fully analyze the deep-rooted reasons for environmental problems, work to solve prominent environmental problems that the people are concerned about, such as air, water and soil pollution, and strive to fundamentally reverse environmental deterioration by improving laws and regulations, strengthening supervision over the process of environmental management, tightening oversight of the discharge of pollutants, and inflicting harsher punishments for illegal practices. The Standing Committee also deliberated the draft of the Asset Evaluation Law and the draft revisions to the Administrative Procedures Law, the Military Facilities Protection Law and the Law on Production Safety. Second, we adopted timely decisions and resolutions to ensure law-based, orderly progress of major reforms. In carrying out arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and implementing the Plan for the Reform of State Council Bodies and the Transformation of Their Functions approved at the First Session of the Twelfth NPC, the Standing Committee decided to revise a package of laws and adopted the decision to revise 12 laws including the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics and the decision to revise the Law on the Protection of the Marine Environment and six other laws. It also authorized the State Council to make provisional adjustments to items subject to its review and approval required by law, eliminate or delegate a number of items requiring its review and approval, create new patterns for opening to the outside world, and reform the industrial and commercial registration system in the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone. This helped further streamline administration and delegate more power to lower-level governments, invigorate economic and social development, ensure that the market plays a decisive role in allocating resources and make the government better play its role. The Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee clearly stipulated that the system for reeducation through labor be abolished and progressive adjustments and improvements be made to birth policies. After the State Council put forward motions to that effect, the Standing Committee carried out careful deliberation and adopted the decision to repeal laws and regulations concerning reeducation through labor and unequivocally revoked previous resolutions of the NPC Standing Committee on this punishment as well as two documents of the State Council concerning it - the Decision of the State Council on Reeducation through Labor and the Supplementary Regulations of the State Council on Reeducation through Labor. It also adopted the decision to adjust and improve birth policies and introduced the policy allowing couples to have a second child if one parent is an only child. Third, we adopted decisions on anniversaries of some historical events and promoted patriotism. In order to ensure that the Chinese people bear history firmly in their mind, not forget the past, treasure peace, and break new ground, the Standing Committee deliberated and adopted the decision on making September 3rd Victory Day in the Chinese People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the decision on making December 13th National Memorial Day for Nanjing Massacre Victims. The legal framework created by the NPC Standing Committee to establish these two anniversaries played a significant role in pooling the will and strength of the people of all of our ethnic groups, realizing the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and promoting the lofty cause of human peace and development. Fourth, we worked vigorously to make legislation more scientific and democratic and raise its quality. At present, what the general public expects of our legislative work is that laws work well and are capable of solving practical problems. The Standing Committee gave higher priority to raising the quality of legislation, improved the mechanisms and methods of legislative work, and constantly made legislation more scientific and democratic. 1) We made laws more enforceable and practicable. Because some laws are too general and need too many supporting regulations and rules, the Standing Committee emphasized that laws must be scientific and well-conceived and as specific and explicit as possible in order to ensure that all enacted and revised laws are well grounded, enforceable, and practicable. When enacting the Special Equipment Safety Law, the Standing Committee carefully reviewed practical experience in overseeing and supervising special equipment safety and greatly amplified the second draft of the law submitted for deliberation and made it more detailed, increasing its draft clauses from 72 to 101. 2) We explored ways to assess laws before their promulgation. Before the draft of the Tourism Law was submitted for deliberation and vote, we invited some NPC deputies, tourists, travel agencies and experts to a conference at which comprehensive assessments were made of the feasibility of the draft and the timing of the law's promulgation, as well as its social effect after implementation to provide reference materials for making legislative decisions. Later on, such assessments were made of three other draft laws. Experience has proven that this is beneficial to integrating forward and reverse thinking and giving consideration not only to the opinions of experts and people affected by the laws but also to the comments of law enforcement departments, thus making our legislative work more scientific and comprehensive. 3) We improved the mechanism for promulgating draft laws for public suggestions. By promulgating first drafts, we made it clear we will also make full texts of second drafts known to the public to further solicit comments and suggestions of everyone. At the same time, we improved the mechanism for giving feedback to people and actively responded to their concerns. In the process of enacting the Tourism Law and revising the Trademark Law and the Law on the Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interests, we provided explicit legal provisions on issues of greatest concern to the public, such as deceptive zero-fee tours, forced shopping and other irregularities in the tourism market, the overly long trademark review period, and the problem of getting unconditional refunds when cancelling a purchase made online. Over the past year, the Standing Committee ratified four treaties or agreements with foreign countries or international conventions that China concluded, and made decisions on and approved the appointment or removal of a number of employees in state bodies. 三、以增强监督实效为重点，监督工作取得新进展 常委会坚持围绕大局、突出重点，认真行使监督职权，着眼于增强监督实效，进一步完善监督方式方法，加大对“一府两院”的监督力度。一年来，共听取审议国务院、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院１５个工作报告，检查４部法律实施情况，组织开展３次专题询问和５次专题调研。 第一，加强对经济工作的监督。常委会听取审议了国务院关于“十二五”规划纲要实施中期评估、计划执行情况以及深入实施西部大开发战略、城镇化建设、农村金融改革发展等工作报告，还开展了民族区域自治法实施情况专题调研。常委会组成人员指出，在党中央领导下，全国上下团结奋斗、共同努力，我国经济社会发展稳中有进、稳中向好，实现了良好开局。强调要认真贯彻落实中央全面深化改革的决策部署，坚持稳中求进、改革创新，高度重视经济运行中存在的突出问题，加快转变经济发展方式，切实提高经济发展质量和效益，确保“十二五”规划纲要提出的各项目标任务如期实现。要继续把深入实施西部大开发战略放在区域发展战略的优先位置，进一步加快西部地区经济发展、民生改善、环境保护步伐；采取找水、调水、节水等多种措施缓解西部水资源短缺问题，加强公路、铁路、乡村道路等基础设施建设，不断提升西部地区经济社会发展保障能力。要坚持走中国特色新型城镇化道路，以推进农业转移人口市民化为重点，加快推进基本公共服务均等化，改善城市生态环境质量，完善城乡发展一体化体制机制。要深化农村金融改革，加大金融支农力度，加强对农村金融的政策支持，为农村发展、农民增收、农业现代化作出积极贡献。 第二，加强财政预算决算审查监督。一是在６月份的常委会会议上听取审议２０１２年中央决算报告和审计工作报告，审查批准２０１２年中央决算，在８月份的常委会会议上听取审议前７个月预算执行情况的报告。要求国务院及其有关部门牢固树立过紧日子的思想，坚持开源节流、勤俭节约，在节支上下更大功夫，坚持量入为出，严格财政管理，切实提高财政资金使用效益。二是在１０月份的常委会会议上，听取审议关于国家财政科技资金分配与使用情况的报告。重点就某一具体领域财政资金的使用情况开展监督，这在常委会监督工作中还是第一次，是对深化财政预算监督的有益尝试。三是组织开展政府全口径预算决算审查监督专题调研，提出加强对政府全口径预算决算审查监督工作的思路和措施，推动有关方面完善公共财政预算、政府性基金预算、国有资本经营预算和社会保险基金预算制度。 第三，加强对民生工作的监督。常委会听取审议了关于农村扶贫开发工作情况的报告，充分肯定我国扶贫开发工作取得的巨大成就，强调要坚定不移地贯彻落实中央扶贫开发工作决策部署，因地制宜、分类指导，抓住重点、注重实效，加快推进集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫攻坚工作。要把抓好贫困地区教育作为解决贫困代际传递问题的重要途径，切实保障扶贫对象子女接受义务教育，让更多贫困地区的孩子接受职业教育和高等教育。常委会检查了义务教育法实施情况，要求各级政府积极回应群众期盼，全面贯彻落实教育方针，大力促进教育公平，合理配置教育资源，减轻中小学生课业负担，加强农村教师队伍建设，让孩子们有学上、上好学。在听取审议传染病防治工作情况报告时，强调要健全部门间联防联控工作机制，支持西部、农村地区防治体系建设，加大传染病防治法律法规宣传力度，全面提升传染病防治工作水平。 第四，加强对生态环境保护的监督。常委会听取审议了关于生态补偿机制建设工作情况的报告，开展了可再生能源法、气象法执法检查。常委会组成人员指出，保护生态环境、建设美丽中国需要全社会共同参与，要按照谁开发谁保护、谁受益谁补偿的原则，加快生态补偿机制建设，落实生态补偿政策。要依法加强对可再生能源发展规划的修编和管理，继续加大财政补贴和税收优惠力度，大力加强关键技术研发应用，为可再生能源发展提供有力支撑。要加强气象现代化建设，增强气象防灾减灾能力，提高气象预报和灾害性天气预警准确率，强化气候资源科学利用和有效保护。 第五，加强对权力运行的制约和监督。常委会先后就公安机关执法规范化建设、人民陪审员工作、检察机关反贪污贿赂工作情况等，听取审议国务院、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院的相关工作报告，并检查了行政复议法实施情况。常委会组成人员指出，健全权力运行制约和监督体系，关键是要让人民监督权力，让权力在阳光下运行，把权力关进制度的笼子里。各级执法、司法机关要坚持用制度管权管事管人，加大依法惩治腐败力度，加强执法和司法工作制度化、规范化建设，努力让人民群众在每一起案件中都感受到公平正义。 第六，提高专题询问的质量和实效。专题询问是人大监督“一府两院”工作的一种重要形式。结合审议传染病防治、国家财政科技资金分配与使用、农村扶贫开发等报告，常委会先后开展了３次专题询问。我们在认真总结以往经验的基础上，进一步改进各个环节的组织工作，充分发挥专题询问的建设性和促进性作用。一是深入调查研究，提高询问质量。常委会组成人员想人民之所想、急人民之所急，通过询问提出社会普遍关注的急需解决的问题，抓住重点、切中要害。二是加强交流互动，讨论更加深入。常委会组成人员既可以事先报名参加询问，也可以现场主动提问，还可以就有关部门的答复进行追问；国务院有关部门负责人回答问题实事求是、真诚坦率，不回避不推诿，用改进工作的实际行动回应人民群众呼声。三是提高透明度，推动整改落实。通过多种方式报道专题询问实况，积极探索实时图文直播；责成有关专门委员会加强对突出问题的跟踪监督，督促国务院有关部门努力将专题询问的成果转化为改进工作的实效。 常委会高度重视规范性文件备案审查工作，着力加强主动审查。一年来，对国务院新制定的１９件行政法规，最高人民法院、最高人民检察院新制定的３２件司法解释，逐件逐条进行审查，对审查中发现的同宪法和法律相抵触的问题，督促制定机关及时修改或废止。 上届常委会部署的司法解释集中清理工作，是新中国成立以来首次对现行有效的司法解释和司法解释性质文件进行全面集中清理。本届常委会听取审议了相关工作情况的报告，要求健全司法解释清理工作常态化机制，强调司法解释应遵循立法原意和法律确定的原则，在法律规定的范围内作出具体应用法律的解释，维护国家法制统一，保证法律正确实施。 3. We made progress in our oversight work with the focus on making our oversight more effective. The Standing Committee conscientiously performed its oversight functions and powers, focusing on serving the overall interests of the country and emphasizing priorities; and improved oversight methods and strengthened its oversight of the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate with the focus on making oversight more effective. Over the past year, we listened to and deliberated 15 work reports of the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate; inspected compliance with four laws; conducted three special inquiries; and carried out five special investigations and studies. First, we strengthened oversight of economic work. The Standing Committee listened to and deliberated the State Council's work reports on the interim assessment of the implementation of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and on implementing China's 2013 plan for national economic and social development, fully implementing the strategy for large-scale development of the western region, advancing urbanization, and promoting financial reform and development in rural areas. It also carried out investigations and studies on compliance with the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy. Members of the Standing Committee noted that under the leadership of the Party Central Committee, the whole nation worked hard as one and economic and social development progressed steadily and improved, getting the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period off to a good start. The Standing Committee stressed the following four points: 1) It is necessary to conscientiously implement the Party Central Committee's policy and arrangements for comprehensively deepening reform; steadfastly seek progress while maintaining stability, and carry out reform and make innovations; attach great importance to serious economic problems; accelerate transformation of the growth model; effectively improve the quality and returns of economic growth; and ensure that the objectives and tasks set forth in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan are accomplished on schedule. 2) In implementing the strategy for regional development, we should continue to give high priority to the strategy of large-scale development of the western region. It is necessary to accelerate economic growth, improvement in people's wellbeing, and environmental protection efforts in the western region; and explore for, divert and conserve water to alleviate the shortage of water resources in the region, and work harder to build highways, railways, rural roads and other infrastructure in order to constantly improve our capabilities to ensure economic and social development in the western region. 3) It is necessary to strive for a new type of urbanization with Chinese characteristics; and provide equal access to basic public services more quickly, improve the quality of the environment in cities, and refine systems and mechanisms for integrating urban and rural development, with the focus on granting urban residency to those who have left agricultural work. 4) It is necessary to deepen rural financial reform, increase financial support for agriculture, and offer more policy support to rural finance in order to make positive contributions to rural development, rural income growth and agricultural modernization. Second, we strengthened budget and final account review and oversight. 1) At its June meeting, the Standing Committee listened to and deliberated the reports on the central government's final accounts and auditing work in 2012, and reviewed and approved the former. At its August meeting, the Standing Committee listened to and deliberated a report on the implementation of the budget for the first seven months of fiscal year 2013. We urged the State Council and its departments to be more frugal, increase revenue and reduce expenditures, work hard and be economical, do more to reduce expenditures, limit spending to what is affordable, tighten fiscal management, and use government funds more efficiently. 2) At its October meeting, the Standing Committee listened to and deliberated a report on the allocation and use of government funds for science and technology. This was the first time the Standing Committee oversaw the use of government funds for a specific purpose, and it was a useful attempt to intensify its budget oversight. 3) We organized investigations and studies on the examination and oversight of all government budgets and final accounts and set forth the thinking and measures for strengthening this work, and urged relevant government departments to improve budgeting systems for public finances, government-managed funds, state capital operations, and social security. Third, we improved oversight of the work relating to people's wellbeing. The Standing Committee listened to and deliberated a report on poverty relief and development work in rural areas and fully affirmed the enormous achievements that were made. We emphasized the need to unwaveringly implement the CPC Central Committee's policies and arrangements on poverty reduction and development work, adapt measures to local conditions and give guidance tailored to the situation, focus on key areas and seek substantive results, and alleviate poverty in poor contiguous areas more quickly. We also stressed the need to focus on providing education in poor areas as an important way to prevent poverty from being passed to future generations, effectively ensure that children of the poor receive compulsory education, and enable more children in poor areas to receive vocational or higher education. The Standing Committee inspected compliance with the Law on Compulsory Education, and called on governments at all levels to live up to the people's expectations, fully implement the Party's education policy, promote equality in education, appropriately allocate education resources, lighten the study load of primary and secondary school students, and improve the ranks of rural teachers, so that children can attend school and do well in their studies. When listening to and deliberating a report on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, the Standing Committee stressed the need to improve the work mechanism for different government departments working together to prevent and control infectious diseases, support the development of a prevention and control system in the western region and rural areas, intensify publicity of laws and regulations on infectious disease prevention and treatment, and comprehensively improve work in this area. Fourth, we strengthened oversight of environmental protection. The Standing Committee listened to and deliberated a report on developing a mechanism for compensating for ecological damage and carried out inspections of compliance with the Law on Renewal Energy and the Meteorology Law. Members of the Standing Committee noted that protecting the environment and building a beautiful China require the participation of the whole society and that it is necessary to implement the policy of compensation for ecological damage and accelerate development of a mechanism for compensating for ecological damage based on the principle that developers are responsible for protecting the environment and those who damage it must provide compensation. Members of the Standing Committee specified that it is necessary to strengthen the revision and management of the renewable energy development plan in accordance with the law, further increase government subsidies and tax breaks, and strengthen R&D and application of key technologies in order to provide strong support for the development of renewable energy. The members also specified that it is necessary to step up efforts in meteorology modernization, become better able to use meteorology to prevent and mitigate natural disasters, make weather forecasts and warnings of disastrous weather more accurate, utilize climatic resources in a more scientific way and protect them more effectively. Fifth, we strengthened limits on and oversight of the exercise of state power. The Standing Committee listened to and deliberated the State Council's report on standardizing law enforcement by public security agencies, the Supreme People's Court's report on the work of jurors, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate's report on procuratorial organs' fight against graft and corruption. The Standing Committee also inspected compliance with the Law on Administrative Review. Its members stated that the key to improving the system that limits and oversees state power is to grant oversight power to the people, exercise power openly, and institutionalize the exercise of state power. Law enforcement and judicial bodies at all levels must use institutional means to oversee the exercise of state power, the handling of state affairs and the conduct of personnel, redouble their efforts in the fight against corruption and the punishment of corrupt people in accordance with the law, make their law enforcement and judicial work more institutionalized and standardized, and strive to ensure that the people feel that every case is handled fairly and justly. Sixth, we improved the quality and effects of special inquiries. Special inquiries are an important way the NPC oversees the work of the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate. The Standing Committee conducted inquiries on prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, allocation and use of government funds for science and technology, and poverty relief and development work in rural areas. Having reviewed past experience, we improved organization of all aspects of special inquiries to make such inquiries more constructive and helpful. 1) We carried out in-depth investigations and studies to improve the quality of inquiries. Members of the Standing Committee shared the concerns of the people, focused their inquiries on key areas and identified pressing problems of public concern. 2) Members of the Standing Committee exchanged more ideas and deepened discussions with government departments. The members could either register beforehand to participate in inquiries or simply ask questions on the spot, and they could ask follow-up questions addressed to the answers given by government departments. Leaders of the relevant State Council departments answered inquiries informatively and frankly, did not evade questions or shift responsibility onto others, and responded to the people's voice with concrete improvements in their work. 3) We made inquiries more transparent to ensure problems identified are rectified. The Standing Committee used a variety of ways to report its inquiries and explored the idea of live broadcasts. It also assigned special committees to strengthen follow-up oversight of serious problems, and urged relevant State Council departments to turn the results of inquiries into improvements in work. The Standing Committee paid great attention to the records review of normative documents and took the initiative to strengthen the review of them. We reviewed 19 new administrative regulations of the State Council and 32 legal interpretations of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate one by one for the past year, and we urged them to promptly revise or rescind those that conflict with the Constitution and laws. The Standing Committee of the last NPC arranged the work of reviewing all of China's judicial interpretations and documents with the force of judicial interpretations currently in effect. This is the first comprehensive, concentrated review of its kind since the founding of New China. The Standing Committee of the current NPC listened to and deliberated the report on this work, set forth the requirement to improve the mechanism to make this work a regular practice, and emphasized that such interpretations should be in accord with the intentions of the laws they interpret and established legal principles, help with the practical application of those laws within the laws' scope, safeguard the unity of the country's legal system, and ensure the correct implementation of the laws. 四、支持和保障代表依法执行职务，充分发挥代表作用 全国人大代表是最高国家权力机关的组成人员。尊重代表主体地位，提高代表素质，发挥代表作用，是做好人大工作的基础。常委会进一步完善代表服务保障工作机制，提高代表服务保障工作水平，代表参与管理国家事务的作用得到进一步发挥。 第一，完善代表联系群众制度。组建２６０个全国人大代表小组，支持代表小组积极开展活动，通过多种方式听取和反映人民群众的意见要求；部分委员长会议组成人员、常委会组成人员回到原选举单位参加代表小组活动，同基层代表交流履职情况。组织１７４０名代表参加专题调研，１７００名代表参加集中视察，形成调研报告１１０余份，为中央和地方决策提供了重要参考；组织港澳台代表分赴广东、广西、吉林、江西等地开展视察调研。 第二，健全常委会联系代表制度。研究制定委员长会议组成人员联系全国人大代表的意见，明确委员长会议组成人员分别直接联系５名以上全国人大代表。这是常委会加强同代表联系、转变工作作风的一项重要举措。进一步扩大代表对常委会、专门委员会工作的参与，列席每次常委会会议的代表人数增加至６６名，同时邀请更多代表参加执法检查、立法评估和调研等活动，认真听取相关代表的意见和建议。比如，修改商标法时就充分吸纳了代表提出的制止恶意抢注行为、明确商标和企业字号冲突处理办法、规定惩罚性赔偿等建议；审议生态补偿机制建设工作情况报告时，将代表提出的适当上调生态公益林和草原生态补偿标准等建议，汇总纳入常委会组成人员审议意见，送交有关部门研究办理。 第三，做好代表议案审议和建议办理工作。注重把审议代表议案同立法工作结合起来，认真梳理分析代表议案比较集中的立法项目，将１６９件议案提出的５１个项目列入立法规划和立法计划；在制定修改法律的过程中，认真考虑、尽量采纳代表议案提出的相关内容，邀请提出议案的领衔代表参与立法调研座谈。注重把办理代表建议同推动改进工作结合起来，确定１２项重点处理建议，涉及７２８位代表和１０个代表团提出的１６６件建议，交有关专门委员会督办。代表提出的关于积极稳妥推进城镇化建设、完善生态补偿机制、加大贫困地区扶贫开发力度、防治大气污染、发展清洁能源、完善社会救助体系等建议，在国务院和有关方面出台的政策措施中得到充分体现。目前，十二届全国人大一次会议主席团交付有关专门委员会审议的４０１件代表议案，已全部审议完毕；代表提出的７５６９件建议也已全部办理完毕并答复代表，建议所提问题得到解决或者计划逐步解决的占建议总数的８１％。 常委会高度重视代表学习培训，全年共举办代表履职学习班４期，１２００余名代表参加学习，代表依法履职能力进一步提高。 代表选举是人民代表大会制度的基础。湖南省衡阳市发生的以贿赂手段破坏选举的违纪违法案件，性质严重，影响恶劣，给我们以深刻警示。必须切实加强对人大代表选举工作的组织领导，坚持严格依法按程序办事，切实加强人大代表思想、作风建设，坚决维护人民代表大会制度的权威和尊严，维护社会主义民主政治的权威和尊严，维护宪法法律的权威和尊严。 4. We supported deputies in exercising their duties in accordance with the law and got them to fully play their role. Deputies to the NPC are members of the country's highest organ of state power. Respecting their principal position, improving their quality, and getting them to fully play their role are the basis for doing the work of people's congresses well. The Standing Committee improved the mechanism for providing services for deputies and served them better, and deputies better played their role in participating in the administration of state affairs. First, we improved the system by which deputies maintain contact with the people. We divided the deputies to the NPC into 260 groups, supported their active activities, and listened to and reported on the people's opinions and requests through a variety of ways. Some members of the Chairperson's Council and the Standing Committee participated in activities of groups of deputies in their places of election, and discussed the performance of the NPC's duties with deputies from local levels. We organized 1,740 deputies to conduct investigations and studies on special topics and 1,700 deputies to participate in inspection tours. These investigations generated over 110 reports, which provided the central and local authorities with important reference materials for making policy decisions. We arranged for deputies from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan to carry out inspections, investigations and studies in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jilin, and Jiangxi. Second, we improved the system by which the Standing Committee maintains contact with deputies. We formulated guidelines for creating closer ties between members of the Chairperson's Council and NPC deputies, which clearly specify that each member of the Chairperson's Council should maintain direct contact with at least five NPC deputies. This is an important measure adopted by the Standing Committee to strengthen its ties with deputies and improve its conduct. We expanded the participation of deputies in the work of the Standing Committee and special committees, and the number of deputies sitting on a meeting of the Standing Committee was increased to 66. We also invited more deputies to participate in such activities as law enforcement inspections, legislative assessments, and investigations and studies; and conscientiously listened to deputies' comments and suggestions. For example, when revising the Trademark Law, we fully adopted suggestions of deputies on prohibiting pirate registration of trademarks in bad faith, clarifying how to resolve legal matters involving trademark and trade name conflicts, and specifying awards for punitive damages. When we deliberated the report on developing the mechanism of compensation for ecological damage, deputies proposed increasing ecological compensation commensurate with improvements made in the ecosystems of public forests and grasslands. We incorporated their proposals into the comments of Standing Committee members, and turned them over to relevant departments to be looked into and handled. Third, we deliberated deputies' bills and handled their proposals well. We combined deliberation of deputies' bills with legislative work, combed and analyzed the legislative items deputies' bills focused on, and incorporated 51 items set forth in 169 bills into legislative programs and plans. In the process of enacting and revising laws, we gave full consideration to what was relevant and accepted all we could, and invited the lead authors of bills to participate in legislative studies and discussions. We handled deputies' proposals while improving our work. We selected 12 key proposals reflected in the 166 proposals put forth by 728 deputies and 10 delegations for handling under the supervision of the relevant special committees. Proposals made by deputies on advancing urbanization both actively and prudently, improving the mechanism of compensation for ecological damage, intensifying poverty alleviation and development in poor areas, preventing and controlling air pollution, developing clean energy, and improving the social assistance system were fully reflected in policies and measures introduced by the State Council and other relevant bodies. At present, special committees have completed deliberation on the 401 bills of deputies referred to them by the Presidium of the First Session of the Twelfth NPC; and the 7,569 proposals of deputies have all been handled and feedback has been given to deputies, and 81% of the problems brought up in proposals have been solved or plans have been made for solving them progressively. The Standing Committee attaches great importance to deputies' study and training and last year held four study sessions for them to better perform their duties. More than 1,200 deputies attended the study sessions, where they improved their ability to perform their duties in accordance with the law. The election of deputies is the foundation of the system of people's congresses. The case of vote buying that occurred in Hengyang in the province of Hunan was a serious violation of the law and discipline. It exerted a baneful influence and gave us a stern warning. We must strengthen the organization and leadership of the election of NPC deputies; act strictly in accordance with the law and prescribed procedures; improve the NPC deputies' way of thinking and conduct; and uphold the authority and sanctity of the system of people's congresses, the authority and sanctity of socialist democracy, and the authority and sanctity of the Constitution and laws. 五、服从服务于国家外交大局，做好人大对外交往工作 全国人大对外交往是国家总体外交的重要组成部分。我们坚持服从服务于国家外交大局，充分发挥人大对外交往的特点和优势，加强同外国议会和国际议会组织的交流与合作，为维护和用好我国发展的重要战略机遇期，维护国家主权、安全、发展利益作出新的贡献。 积极开展与俄罗斯、乌干达、尼日利亚、斯洛伐克、波兰、伊朗、泰国、巴基斯坦等国议会高层交往，深化与周边国家、发展中国家和新兴市场国家的友好关系。稳妥推进议会机制交流，顺利召开与俄罗斯、韩国、英国、法国、德国、加拿大、澳大利亚以及欧洲议会等国家和地区议会的交流机制会议，保持与美国国会定期交流机制的延续性。充分发挥专门委员会、双边友好小组和工作机构的作用，加强对口交流和友好往来。认真做好外国议会代表团来访接待工作，充实和丰富交流内容。广泛参与议会多边外交，在各国议会联盟、东盟各国议会间大会、拉美议会等国际和地区议会组织中发挥建设性作用。 在对外交往中，我们利用不同场合、采取多种形式，讲好中国故事，传播中国声音。一是深刻阐述中国特色社会主义道路，全面介绍人民代表大会制度，广泛宣传中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，增进国际社会对我国内外政策的了解和理解。二是以加强立法和治国理政等方面的经验交流为重点，介绍我国民主法治建设成就，积极借鉴国外有益经验。三是以推动务实合作为核心，为深化经贸合作、扩大人文交流营造良好法治环境，夯实国家关系发展的社会和民意基础。 针对有关国家在涉及我国核心利益和重大关切问题上的错误言行，通过发表全国人大外事委员会声明、参加有关国际会议等，阐明我方严正立场，坚决维护国家利益。 5. We complied with and served China's diplomacy and did the NPC's foreign relations work well. The NPC's foreign relations are an important component of China's overall diplomacy. We steadfastly complied with and served China's diplomacy, and fully utilized the characteristics and advantages of the NPC in developing foreign relations to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with foreign parliaments and congresses and international parliamentary organizations, thereby making new contributions to safeguarding and exploiting the important period of strategic opportunity for China's development and safeguarding China's sovereignty, security and development interests. We actively developed high-level contacts with the national parliaments or congresses of other countries including Russia, Uganda, Nigeria, Slovakia, Poland, Iran, Thailand and Pakistan, and deepened friendship with neighboring countries, other developing countries and emerging market economies. We steadily promoted exchanges with foreign congresses or parliaments under the mechanism of regular exchanges, and on its basis held meetings with the national congresses or parliaments of Russia, the Republic of Korea, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Canada and Australia as well as with regional parliaments such as the European Parliament and also maintained continuity of regular exchanges with the United States Congress. We got the special committees, bilateral friendship groups and the executive bodies of the Standing Committee to strengthen foreign relations and exchanges in their specific fields. We did a good job in receiving visiting delegations of other countries' congresses or parliaments, and enriched the content of communication with them. We also extensively engaged in multilateral diplomatic activities among parliaments and congresses and played a constructive role in the Inter-Parliamentary Union, the ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Assembly, the Latin American Parliament, and other international and regional parliamentary organizations. In our foreign relations work, we told China's story and let its voice be heard in many forms on different occasions. First, we thoroughly expounded the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, explained the system of people's congresses in detail, and widely publicized the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, thereby helping the international community to better understand China's domestic and diplomatic policies. Second, with the focus on exchanging experiences with our foreign counterparts regarding legislation and state governance, we explained China's achievements in developing democracy and the rule of law, and learned from other countries' beneficial experiences. Third, with promoting pragmatic cooperation as the core, we worked to create a legal environment favorable for deepening economic and trade cooperation and expanding cultural and people-to-people exchanges with other countries, and strengthened the social and popular foundation for developing relations between China and other countries. In response to erroneous statements and actions by certain countries concerning China's core interests and issues of vital importance to China, we solemnly made clear our position to resolutely safeguard China's national interests through declarations from the NPC's Foreign Affairs Committee and participation in relevant international conferences. 六、加强人民代表大会制度研究，改进人大新闻宣传工作 常委会从完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的高度，大力加强人民代表大会制度研究，改进和加强人大新闻宣传工作，坚定道路自信、理论自信、制度自信，推进人民代表大会制度理论和实践创新。 第一，加强对地方人大工作和人大自身建设的调研。去年，重点就加强和改进县级人大工作进行了专题调研。委员长会议组成人员带队深入基层，实地了解代表履职和闭会期间活动情况，主持召开县级人大工作座谈会，深入探讨人大工作面临的新情况新问题，还书面征求３１个省级人大常委会意见，全面了解县级人大工作和自身建设基本情况、主要经验、突出问题和意见建议。强调要按照总结、继承、完善、提高的原则，依法健全工作制度和工作机制，扎实推动各级人大工作完善发展；要把人民满意当作第一标准，切实改进工作作风，努力把人大及其常委会建设成有效担负起各项法定职责的机关。 第二，推进人民代表大会制度理论研究。常委会高度重视人民代表大会制度理论研究，积极推进相关组织和平台建设。今年１月，中国人民代表大会制度理论研究会正式成立。这既是加强人大制度理论研究的活动载体和交流平台，也是全国人大常委会加强与地方人大联系的新渠道。我们要认真总结人大制度发展经验，研讨人大制度理论和实践问题，探索人大工作特点和规律，为做好新形势下的人大工作提供理论支撑和智力支持，使人大制度、人大工作更好地体现时代性，把握规律性，富于创造性。 第三，改进和加强人大新闻宣传工作。加强立法全过程宣传报道，对通过的法律及时作出权威解读，加强舆论引导，使各方面准确理解立法的背景、目的和法律的原则、内容，为法律正确实施营造良好社会环境。提高监督工作透明度，将专项工作报告、执法检查报告以及审议意见向全国人大代表通报，并通过中国人大网向社会公布，自觉接受人大代表和人民群众监督。召开人大新闻宣传工作座谈会，强调要适应新形势新要求，增强做好人大新闻宣传工作的责任感使命感，通过及时准确、内涵丰富、鲜活生动的宣传报道，充分展现人大制度优越性和人大工作新气象。 6. We strengthened research on the system of people's congresses and improved the NPC's information and publicity work. In order to improve and develop the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and modernize China's governance system and its governance capacity, the Standing Committee strengthened research on the system of people's congresses; improved and strengthened the NPC's information and publicity work; fortified its confidence in the socialist path, theories and system with Chinese characteristics; and carried out theoretical and practical innovations in the system of people's congresses. First, we intensified investigations and studies on the work and development of local people's congresses. Last year, we conducted investigations and studies on strengthening and improving the work of people's congresses at the county level. Teams led by members of the Chairperson's Council visited organizations at the community level to find out how deputies to people's congresses had performed their functions and what they had done when their congresses were not in session. These teams held conferences on the work of people's congresses at the county level to thoroughly discuss the new conditions and problems facing these congresses. They also requested the standing committees of the 31 people's congresses at the provincial level in writing to comment on these new conditions and problems. All this was for the purp, ose of understanding the general situation, main experiences, prominent problems, comments and suggestions concerning the work and development of people's congresses at the county level. The teams stressed the need to improve the work systems and mechanisms of people's congresses at all levels in accordance with the law and steadily improve and develop their work on the basis of the principle of reviewing work, drawing upon successes, making improvement and raising standards. The teams also stressed the need to take people's satisfaction as the highest standard of the work of people's congresses, truly improve their work style, and build people's congresses and their standing committees into bodies that can effectively perform all their legally mandated duties and functions. Second, we carried out theoretical research on the system of people's congresses. The Standing Committee attaches great importance to this research and actively promotes the establishment of relevant organizations and platforms. The China Society for Theoretical Research on the System of People's Congresses was officially founded in January this year. It is not only an organization through which activities are carried out and a platform on which exchanges are conducted to strengthen theoretical research on the system of people's congresses, but also a new channel through which the Standing Committee increases its contacts with local people's congresses. We need to conscientiously review the experience of developing the system of people's congresses, discuss theoretical and practical issues concerning this system, and explore the characteristics of and laws governing people's congresses' work in order to provide theoretical and intellectual support for them to do their work well under new conditions and make this system and the work of people's congresses better manifest the character of the times, follow the law of development and be full of creativity. Third, we improved and strengthened the information and publicity work of the NPC. We increased publicity about and reports on the whole process of legislation, provided prompt authoritative interpretation of laws we passed and improved guidance on public opinion in order to get all sectors of society to better understand the background and purposes of the legislation and the principles and content of the laws and create a favorable social environment for correctly implementing the laws. We increased transparency in oversight work. We kept deputies to the NPC well informed about the special reports of the State Council, the reports on inspection of compliance with laws, and our comments on them, and also posted them online at the NPC's website www.npc.gov.cn so that deputies and ordinary people could exercise oversight. We held the Conference on the NPC's Information and Publicity Work and stressed that in order to meet new requirements in the new situation, we need to increase our sense of responsibility and mission to do the NPC's information and publicity work well, and fully demonstrate the advantages of the system of people's congresses and the new work of the NPC through prompt, accurate and vivid reports with rich content. 七、切实加强常委会自身建设 常委会坚持把思想政治建设摆在首位，全面贯彻党的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领、基本经验和基本要求，深入学习贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神，自觉同以习近平同志为总书记的党中央保持高度一致，坚决贯彻中央决策部署，坚定维护党和国家工作大局。坚持民主集中制原则，牢固树立法治观念，严格依法按程序办事。 大力加强作风建设。常委会党组深入开展党的群众路线教育实践活动，研究制定坚持党的群众路线、加强作风建设的意见和举措，有力推动了常委会作风转变。委员长会议审议通过委员长会议组成人员贯彻落实中央八项规定实施办法，从改进调查研究等六个方面作出１９条具体规定。常委会立法、监督调研更加深入实际、深入基层，采取暗访、蹲点调研、问卷调查、网上征求意见等多种形式，直接听取群众意见，实地了解突出问题。常委会会议切实改进会风，充分发扬民主，发言更加踊跃，审议更加充分，有力地提高了常委会的工作质量和水平。 组织好常委会集体学习。我们提出努力把全国人大常委会建设成为学习型人大常委会的目标，要求把加强学习作为一项重要而紧迫的任务，贯穿于各项工作的全过程。认真学习贯彻党的十八届三中全会精神，强调要切实把思想和行动统一到中央关于全面深化改革的决策部署上来，充分发挥最高国家权力机关在全面深化改革中的作用。完善常委会专题讲座制度，结合常委会中心工作和会议议程，有针对性地安排专题讲座内容，努力做到学有所得、学有所用。 充分发挥专门委员会作用。全国人大各专门委员会紧紧围绕全国人大及其常委会的中心任务，发挥人才荟萃、知识密集的优势，结合自身职责积极开展调查研究，认真研究、审议和拟订有关议案，加强与有关方面沟通协调，在提高立法质量、增强监督实效、发挥代表作用、开展对外交往等方面做了大量卓有成效的工作。 加强同地方人大的联系。举办３期地方人大常委会负责同志学习班和１期西藏人大工作学习班，召开第十九次全国地方立法研讨会，委托省级人大常委会检查有关法律实施情况，及时通报全国人大常委会的工作。委员长会议组成人员到地方调研，通过多种方式听取地方人大常委会负责同志、各级人大代表的意见，了解情况，研究问题，推动相关工作。全国人大与地方人大的联系和交流更加紧密、更加深入。 全国人大机关深入开展党的群众路线教育实践活动，全体党员干部职工进一步坚定理想信念，巩固宗旨意识，振奋精神状态，转变工作作风，参谋助手和服务保障工作水平明显提高。 7. We effectively strengthened the Standing Committee's self-improvement efforts. The Standing Committee always gave top priority to raising its intellectual and political standards; fully implemented the Party's basic theory, line, program, experience and requirements; thoroughly studied and put into practice the guiding principles of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speeches; consciously maintained a high level of unity with the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary; resolutely implemented the Central Committee's policies and arrangements; and firmly safeguarded the work of the Party and country. We always adhered to the principle of democratic centralism, kept the rule of law firmly in mind, and did our work on the basis of procedures and in strict accordance with the law. We intensified efforts to improve our style of work. The Leading Party Members' Group of the Standing Committee thoroughly carried out the campaign to heighten awareness of and implement the Party's mass line, and formulated guidelines and measures for adhering to the mass line and improving our style of work, which effectively brought about improvements in the Standing Committee's style of work. The Chairperson's Council of the NPC Standing Committee deliberated and approved the Measures of the Members of the Chairperson's Council for Implementing the CPC Central Committee's eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct and issued 19 specific provisions in six areas, such as improving investigations and studies. In investigations and studies on legislation and oversight, the Standing Committee paid closer attention to actual conditions and lower-level organizations, and directly solicited the views of the people and learned on the spot about pressing problems in a variety of ways, such as unannounced visits, field studies in selected locations, questionnaire surveys and online comments. The way Standing Committee meetings were held was effectively improved, democracy was brought into full play, participants eagerly awaited their turn to speak, and deliberation was more thorough. All this significantly improved the quality and level of the work of the Standing Committee. The Standing Committee's group study sessions were well organized. We set the goal of making the Standing Committee a committee keen on learning, and made strengthening learning an important and urgent task throughout the whole process of all our work. We carefully studied and followed the guiding principles of the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee, and stressed the need to align our thinking and actions with the Central Committee's decision on and arrangements for comprehensively deepening reform and to get the NPC to fully play its role as the country's highest organ of state power in comprehensively deepening reform. We improved the system of Standing Committee lectures on special topics, selected lecture topics in line with the central work and meeting agendas of the Standing Committee, and strove to make sure that something useful was learned at the lectures. We got the special committees of the NPC to fully play their role. Focusing on the central tasks of the NPC and its Standing Committee, the special committees made use of the abundant talent and immense knowledge of their members; vigorously carried out investigations and studies in line with their own functions and duties; conscientiously did research and deliberated and drafted bills related to their field; strengthened communication and coordination with relevant parties; and did a great deal of very fruitful work in improving quality of legislation, making oversight more effective, getting deputies to play their role, and developing foreign relations. We increased ties with local people's congresses. We held three study courses for leaders of the standing committees of local people's congresses and one study course on the work of people's congresses in Tibet, held the Nineteenth National Conference on Local Legislation, had the standing committees of provincial-level people's congresses investigate compliance with laws, and kept local people's congresses informed about the work of the NPC Standing Committee. Members of the Chairperson's Council conducted investigations and studies in localities, solicited the views of leaders of the standing committees of local people's congresses and deputies to people's congresses at all levels in various ways, learned about local conditions, studied issues, and gave impetus to relevant work. All this made communication and exchanges between the national and local people's congresses closer and deeper. The bodies of the NPC thoroughly carried out the campaign to heighten awareness of and implement the Party's mass line. As a result, their Party members, officials and staff further fortified their Communist ideals and convictions, heightened their awareness of the Party's purpose, boosted their morale, improved their style of work, and became noticeably better at assisting and supporting deputies. 各位代表！ 过去一年全国人大常委会取得的成绩，是在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央正确领导下，全国人大代表、常委会组成人员、各专门委员会组成人员以及全国人大机关工作人员辛勤劳动的结果，是国务院、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院协同工作的结果，是地方各级人大及其常委会和全国各族人民大力支持的结果。在此，我代表全国人大常委会表示衷心感谢！ 我们清醒地看到，常委会的工作与人民的期望、代表的要求还有不小差距。比如，立法工作中常委会的组织协调作用还有待加强；监督工作中跟踪督办的机制还有待完善；有的立法、监督调研存在深入基层、深入群众、回应关切不够的问题；加强常委会同代表的联系还需要进一步做细做实，等等。我们将自觉接受人民监督，虚心听取代表意见，更好地发挥全国人大及其常委会作为最高国家权力机关、依法履行职责的工作机关和密切联系人民群众的代表机关的作用。 今后一年的主要任务 ２０１４年是全面贯彻落实党的十八届三中全会精神、全面深化改革的第一年，是全面完成“十二五”规划目标任务的重要一年。全国人大常委会工作的总体要求是：高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，全面贯彻落实党的十八大和十八届二中、三中全会精神，学习贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神，坚定坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一，紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局依法行使职权、开展工作，加强重点领域立法，加强对“一府两院”的监督，维护宪法和法律权威，促进社会公平正义，推动人民代表大会制度与时俱进，为全面深化改革、全面建成小康社会、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦作出新贡献。 一、加强重点领域立法，积极推进科学立法、民主立法 国家立法权是宪法赋予全国人大及其常委会的重要职权。党的十八大提出了完善中国特色社会主义法律体系的要求。党的十八届三中全会对全面深化改革作出总体部署，其中许多改革举措涉及人大立法工作。全国人大常委会要围绕“完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度，推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”的全面深化改革总目标，坚持把立法决策与改革决策更好结合起来，抓紧制定和修改同全面深化改革相关的法律，从法律制度上推动和落实改革举措，充分发挥立法在引领、推动和保障改革方面的重要作用。 贯彻全面深化改革精神，修改预算法，改进预算管理制度，实施全面规范、公开透明的预算制度；修改行政诉讼法、行政复议法，健全行政诉讼案件、行政复议案件审理机制，纠正违法或不当行政行为，健全畅通有序的权益保障机制；修改环境保护法、大气污染防治法，完善严格监管所有污染物排放的环境保护管理制度，实行最严格的源头保护制度、损害赔偿制度、责任追究制度。列入今年常委会立法工作计划的项目还有：修改立法法、食品安全法、安全生产法、证券法、广告法、军事设施保护法、教育法等；制定资产评估法、航道法、国家勋章和国家荣誉称号法、期货法、粮食法、中医药法等。 中央部署的相关改革举措，需要制定、修改法律或得到法律授权的，要加强研究、尽快启动，适时安排审议，确保重大改革于法有据、有序进行。按照既要稳妥又要主动的原则，加强立法工作组织协调，积极督促有关方面抓紧法律草案起草工作；对法律关系比较复杂、分歧意见较大的法律草案，要统筹协调各方面利益关系，妥善解决重点难点问题，有效防止部门利益法制化和地方保护。加强法律解释工作，促进法律的正确有效实施。 立法质量直接关系到法治的质量。越是强调依法治国，越是要注重提高立法质量。要把推进科学立法、民主立法作为提高立法质量的根本途径，把科学立法和民主立法统一于中国特色社会主义法治实践，落实到立法工作全过程和各方面。 科学立法的核心，在于立法要尊重和体现客观规律。在具体立法实践中，要进一步完善立法程序、规范立法活动，健全中国特色的立法体制。抓好立法项目论证，科学确定立法项目，健全法律出台前评估和立法后评估制度。综合运用制定、修改、废止、解释等多种形式，增强立法工作的协调性、及时性、系统性。加强立法调查研究，找准立法重点难点，探求科学应对之策，切实增强法律的可执行性和可操作性。 民主立法的核心，在于立法要为了人民、依靠人民。在具体立法实践中，要进一步完善立法机关主导，有关部门参加，人大代表、专家学者、企事业单位、团体组织和人民群众共同参与的立法工作机制。健全公布法律草案征求意见机制和公众意见采纳情况反馈机制，重视网络民意表达，拓展公民有序参与立法途径。发挥人大代表在立法工作中的作用，把审议代表议案、办理代表建议同制定和修改法律紧密结合起来，认真研究吸纳代表提出的意见。完善法律起草、审议的协调协商机制，广泛听取、认真对待各方面意见包括不同意见，充分尊重、合理吸收各种建设性意见和建议，最大限度地凝聚社会共识。 Fellow Deputies, The Standing Committee's achievements last year were made under the correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary and are the result of the hard work of NPC deputies, members of the NPC Standing Committee and special committees, and the staff of the offices of the NPC; the joint efforts of the State Council, the Supreme People's Court, and the Supreme People's Procuratorate; and the full support of the local people's congresses at all levels and their standing committees as well as the people of all of China's ethnic groups. On behalf of the NPC Standing Committee, I would like to express heartfelt appreciation to you all. We are keenly aware that the work of the Standing Committee still falls well short of the expectations of the people and the demands of deputies. For example, the Standing Committee still has to strengthen its organization and coordination of legislative work; improve its mechanisms for follow-up oversight; address the problems of inadequate engagement with lower-level organizations and the people and inadequate response to people's concerns that exist in some investigations and studies on legislation and oversight; and do more meticulous and effective work in order to strengthen its ties with deputies. We will willingly accept the oversight of the people; listen to the views of deputies with an open mind; and get the NPC and its Standing Committee to better play their roles as the highest organs of state power, working bodies that carry out their functions and duties in accordance with the law, and representative bodies in close contact with the people. Major Tasks for This Year The year 2014 is the first year for fully implementing the guiding principles of the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee and its decision to comprehensively deepen reform and is crucial for completing all the tasks of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. The general requirements for the work the NPC Standing Committee this year are as follows: Hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics; take Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development as the guide; comprehensively implement the guiding principles of the Eighteenth National Party Congress and the second and third plenary sessions of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee; study and implement the guidelines of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speeches; firmly uphold the unity of the leadership of the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country, and the rule of law; focus on the overall work of the Party and country as we perform our official functions and carry out our work in accordance with the law; strengthen legislation in key areas; strengthen oversight of the State Council, the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate; safeguard the authority of the Constitution and laws; promote social fairness and justice; get the system of people's congresses to advance with the times; and make a greater contribution to comprehensively deepening reform, finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and realizing the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 1. We will strengthen legislation in key areas and legislate scientifically and democratically. The power to enact laws for the country is the most important official function conferred on the NPC and its Standing Committee by the Constitution. The Eighteenth National Party Congress set forth the requirement of improving the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics. The Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee made overall arrangements for comprehensively deepening reform, many of which are about the legislative work of the NPC. To attain the overall goals of deepening reform in all respects, namely, improving and developing the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and modernizing China's governance system and its governance capacity, the NPC Standing Committee will better combine legislative decisions with reform decisions, promptly enact and revise laws related to comprehensively deepening reform, use the legal system to promote and carry out reform measures, and get legislation to fully play its role in guiding, spurring and guaranteeing reform. We will implement the Central Committee's decision to comprehensively deepen reform, revise the Budget Law, improve the budget management system, and put in place a comprehensive, standardized, open and transparent budgeting system. We will revise the Administrative Procedures Law and the Law on Administrative Review to improve the mechanisms for hearing administrative litigation and reconsideration cases, correct illegal or improper administrative actions, and make the mechanism for protecting people's rights and interests more accessible and better regulated. We will revise the Environmental Protection Law and the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law to improve the environmental protection and management system so that emissions of all pollutants can be supervised strictly, and enforce the strictest systems for protecting the environment by controlling pollution at the source, holding polluters accountable for the damage they cause and having them compensate for it. Other items on the Standing Committee's legislative agenda for this year are as follows: Revise the Legislation Law, the Food Safety Law, the Production Safety Law, the Securities Law, the Advertising Law, the Military Equipment Protection Law, and the Education Law; and enact the Asset Evaluation Law, the Waterway Law, the State Medals and Honorary Titles Law, the Futures Law, the Grain Law, and the Chinese Medicines Law. For reform measures set forth by the CPC Central Committee that require enacting or revising laws or legal authorization, we will intensify research, promptly get started, arrange deliberation at appropriate times, and ensure that major reforms have a legal basis and are carried out in an orderly way. On the basis of the principle of proceeding actively and prudently, we will strengthen the organization and coordination of legislative work and urge those drafting legislation to do so quickly. For laws connected to issues that are complex and where there are sharp differences of opinion, we need to coordinate the interests of all parties in an overall manner, appropriately resolve key problems, and effectively prevent departmental interests from being written into law and local protectionism. We will better interpret laws to ensure they are enforced properly and effectively. The quality of legislative work directly affects how well the rule of law is implemented. The more we emphasize the rule of law, the more important it is to raise the quality of legislation. We need to make legislating scientifically and democratically the basis for improving the quality of legislation, and integrate legislating scientifically and democratically into the praxis of the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics and into the entire course and all aspects of legislative work. The essence of legislating scientifically is respecting and embodying objective law in enacting legislation. In the concrete praxis of legislation, we need to continue improving legislative procedures and standardize legislative action so as to improve the legislative system with Chinese characteristics. We need to fully debate legislative items, scientifically determine legislative items, and improve the system for evaluating laws before and after they are promulgated. We need to enact, revise, annul and interpret laws to make legislative work better coordinated, less delayed and more systematic. We need to strengthen investigation on legislative matters, correctly identify important and challenging issues in legislation, search for scientific solutions to them, and make laws more enforceable and practicable. The essence of legislating democratically is relying on the people and legislating for their benefit. In the concrete praxis of legislation, we need to improve the legislative work mechanism of following the guidance of legislative bodies, having relevant government departments participate in making laws, and involving NPC deputies, experts, representatives from enterprises and public institutions as well as social groups, people's organizations, and members of the general public in legislative work. We will improve the mechanism for promulgating draft laws to solicit comments and suggestions on them and the mechanism for giving feedback to those who made suggestions. We will pay attention to the opinions people express online and expand the avenues by which people can participate in legislation in an orderly way. We will expand the role of NPC deputies in the legislative process and intimately integrate the deliberation of deputies' bills and the handling of their proposals with the work of enacting and revising laws, and study and accept deputies' suggestions. We will improve the mechanism for coordinating and consulting on the drafting and deliberation of laws, listen to and deal with suggestions from all sources including opposing views, fully respect and make proper use of all kinds of constructive criticisms and suggestions, and achieve popular consensus to the greatest possible extent. 二、依法行使监督职权，加强对“一府两院”的监督 加强人大监督，是实施依法治国基本方略的必然要求。党的十八大提出，加强对“一府两院”的监督，加强对政府全口径预算决算的审查和监督。党的十八届三中全会强调，健全“一府两院”由人大产生、对人大负责、受人大监督制度；加强人大预算决算审查监督、国有资产监督职能；通过询问、质询、特定问题调查、备案审查等积极回应社会关切。我们要全面贯彻落实中央精神和监督法规定，推动人大监督工作迈上新台阶。 一要坚持依法行使监督职权。人大对“一府两院”的监督，是代表国家和人民进行的具有法律效力的监督，体现了国家一切权力属于人民的宪法原则。人大监督的职权是法定的，行使职权的程序和方式也是法定的。人大及其常委会要忠实履行宪法和法律赋予的职责，既敢于监督又善于监督，确保监督工作在法定权限范围内、依照法定程序进行。 二要围绕党和国家工作大局开展监督。把事关改革发展稳定全局的重大问题和人民群众普遍关注的热点难点问题作为监督重点，加强对宪法和法律实施的监督，强化对权力运行的制约和监督，推动中央重大决策部署的贯彻落实；正确处理监督与支持“一府两院”工作的关系，推进“一府两院”依法行政、公正司法，维护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益。 三要完善监督工作方式方法。继续开展专题询问，完善组织方式和工作机制，增强针对性和实效性。健全对行政法规、地方性法规、司法解释等规范性文件的备案审查制度。改进执法检查、监督调研方式，认真听取和反映民意，有的放矢地提出有分量的意见和建议。督促有关方面认真研究处理常委会组成人员审议意见，切实改进工作。 按照上述监督工作原则和思路，今年常委会监督工作的主要内容有：一是检查旅游法、专利法的实施情况，推动法律全面正确实施。二是听取审议计划、预算报告以及中央决算报告和审计工作报告，审查批准２０１３年中央决算，听取审议国家财政水利资金投入和使用情况报告，开展部门预算编制管理情况专题调研，推动贯彻落实稳中求进工作总基调，把改革创新贯穿于经济社会发展各个领域各个环节，切实提高经济发展质量和效益。三是听取审议国务院关于深化行政审批制度改革、加强金融监管防范金融风险等报告，开展公务员法实施情况专题调研，推动中央全面深化改革决策部署的贯彻落实，加快重要领域和关键环节改革。四是听取审议国务院关于节能减排工作情况的报告，检查大气污染防治法实施情况，开展土壤污染防治情况专题调研，督促解决环境突出问题，加强生态文明建设。五是听取审议国务院关于统筹推进城乡社会保障体系建设、新农村建设、安全生产等报告，检查未成年人保护法实施情况，围绕民族地区经济社会发展情况开展专题调研，回应广大人民群众关注点，督促解决关系人民群众切身利益的突出问题。六是分别听取审议最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于规范司法行为工作情况的报告，推动提高公正司法水平，促进社会公平正义，保障人民安居乐业。 2. We will carry out our oversight functions in accordance with the law and strengthening oversight of the State Council, Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate. Strengthening the NPC's oversight is a necessary requirement for implementing the rule of law as the basic strategy. The Eighteenth National Party Congress set forth the requirement that people's congresses should step up their oversight of people's governments, courts and procuratorates, and tighten their examination and oversight of all government budgets and final accounts. The Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee stressed the need to strengthen the system under which people's governments, courts and procuratorates are engendered by people's congresses, responsible to them and subject to their oversight; the need to strengthen people's congresses' function of examining and overseeing government budgets and final accounts and overseeing state assets; and that people's congresses should actively respond to issues of public concern through the use of inquiries, interpellations and investigations into specific problems and records review. We need to fully implement the guidelines of the Central Committee and the provisions of the Oversight Law and raise the NPC's oversight work to a new level. First, we need to exercise our oversight power in accordance with the law. People's congresses' oversight of the people's governments, courts and procuratorates is legally effective oversight exercised on behalf of the country and people, and reflects the constitutional principle that all state power belongs to the people. People's congresses' power to exercise oversight is a statuary power, as are the procedures and methods for exercising it. The NPC and its Standing Committee should faithfully carry out the duties conferred on it by the Constitution and laws, exercise oversight courageously and effectively, and ensure that oversight work is done within the legally specified limits of power and in accordance with legally specified procedures. Second, we need to exercise oversight in light of the Party and country's work. We need to focus oversight on major reform, development and stability issues and on sensitive issues of particular concern to the people; strengthen oversight of compliance with the Constitution and laws; strengthen constraints on and oversight of the exercise of power; give impetus to the implementation of the Central Committee's major policy decisions and agendas; correctly balance overseeing the State Council, Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate and supporting their work, and see to it that they administer affairs in accordance with the law and administer justice fairly; and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations. Third, we need to improve the way oversight work is carried out. We will continue to carry out inquiries on special topics, improve methods of organization and work mechanisms, and make work more targeted and effective. We will improve the system for records review of administrative regulations, local statutes, judicial interpretations and other normative documents. We will improve the way we inspect compliance with laws, exercise oversight and conduct investigations and studies, conscientiously listen to and respond to people's concerns, and raise weighty criticisms and suggestions with a definite purpose in mind. We will exhort those, to whom Standing Committee members have made suggestions after deliberations, to conscientiously look into and handle these suggestions and improve their work in earnest. On the basis of the above principles and thinking on oversight work, the main oversight work the Standing Committee this year will be as follows: First, we will investigate compliance with the Tourism Law and the Patent Law, and promote comprehensive and correct implementation of them. Second, we will listen to and deliberate reports on the country's plan for economic and social development and central and local government budgets as well as on the final accounts and auditing work of the central government, deliberate and approve the central government's final accounts for 2013, listen to and deliberate the report on the allocation and use of government spending on water conservancy, carry out special investigations and studies on the preparation and management of departmental budgets, give impetus to the implementation of the general work guideline of making progress while maintaining stability, carry out reform and innovation in all areas of economic and social development, and genuinely improve the quality and returns of economic development. Third, we will listen to and deliberate reports of the State Council on deepening reform of the system of government review and approval and strengthening financial supervision and regulation to prevent financial risks, carry out special investigations and studies on compliance with the Civil Service Law, give impetus to the implementation of the Central Committee's policy decisions and agendas for comprehensively deepening reform in order to accelerate reforms in important areas. Fourth, we will listen to the report of the State Council on conserving energy and reducing emissions; investigate compliance with the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law; carry out special investigations and studies on preventing and controlling soil pollution; exhort relevant departments to solve prominent environmental problems; and strengthen ecological conservation. Fifth, we will listen to and deliberate reports of the State Council on carrying forward the development of social security systems for urban and rural residents in a holistic way, the building of a new countryside, and production safety; investigate compliance with the Law on the Protection of Minors; carry out special investigations and studies on economic and social development in ethnic minority areas; respond to the people's concerns; and exhort relevant departments to solve prominent problems that concern the people the most and affect their vital interests. Sixth, we will separately listen to and deliberate reports of the Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate on how they have been standardizing their judicial conduct in order to improve judicial fairness, promote social fairness and justice, and ensure that the people can live and work in peace and contentment. 三、继续加强和改进代表服务、对外交往、自身建设等方面工作 健全代表工作制度，扎实做好服务保障工作，充分发挥代表作用。一是进一步加强常委会同代表联系。委员长会议组成人员要通过走访、电话、信函等方式，加强同直接联系代表的交流；到地方开展执法检查、调查研究和视察时，邀请直接联系的代表参加相关活动。建立常委会组成人员、专门委员会联系全国人大代表的工作机制，特别要加强同基层全国人大代表的联系，畅通社情民意反映和表达渠道。完善代表参与常委会、专门委员会工作的机制，努力让来自基层的全国人大代表在五年任期内都能列席一次常委会会议，邀请更多代表参加执法检查、立法调研等活动。二是进一步密切代表同人民群众联系。完善代表联系群众制度，加强代表联络机构建设，建立健全网络平台，改进代表视察、专题调研等工作，拓宽和丰富代表联系群众的渠道和内容，更好地发挥代表在了解民情、反映民意、集中民智方面的独特作用。三是进一步提高代表履职服务保障水平。提高代表议案和建议办理质量，拓宽代表知情知政渠道，开展代表专题学习培训，让来自基层的全国人大代表在五年任期内都能接受一次学习培训。 认真贯彻落实中央外交大政方针和总体部署，加强与重要国家、发展中国家和周边国家议会的交流与合作，巩固和完善与外国议会定期交流机制，积极开展多渠道多形式对外交往，加强政治互信，推动务实合作，增进人民友谊，积极为我国改革发展稳定营造良好的外部环境，为维护世界和平稳定和促进共同发展作出应有贡献。 继续加强常委会自身建设，坚持人大工作正确政治方向，坚持党对人大工作的领导，坚决维护中央权威。坚持民主集中制原则，贯彻执行党的群众路线，切实增强代表人民行使管理国家权力的政治责任感，全心全意为人民服务。紧紧围绕中央重大决策部署，加强对人大工作新情况新问题的调查研究，提高立法、监督、代表等工作水平。加强和推动法制宣传教育，营造全社会学法尊法守法用法的良好氛围。严格遵守中央八项规定，健全改进作风、厉行节约常态化制度，坚决维护制度的严肃性和权威性。继续办好常委会专题讲座，完善组织方式，拓展学习领域，增强学习效果。加强对专门委员会工作的领导，充分发挥专门委员会作用。加强与地方人大的工作联系，密切工作协同，开展工作交流，增强人大工作整体实效，共同推进社会主义民主法治建设。全国人大机关要按照理想坚定、政治可靠、业务精湛、作风优良、廉洁勤政的要求，进一步加强机关干部队伍建设。 今年９月，我们将迎来全国人民代表大会成立６０周年。实践充分证明，人民代表大会制度是符合中国国情、体现我国社会主义国家性质、保证人民当家作主的根本政治制度，也是党在国家政权组织中贯彻群众路线、充分发扬民主的最好实现形式。要以纪念全国人民代表大会成立６０周年为契机，深入宣传人民代表大会制度的光辉历程、显著成就和实践经验，深入宣传我国根本政治制度的巨大优越性，坚定对人民代表大会制度的自信，推动人民代表大会制度与时俱进。 各位代表，改革开放的新征程在召唤我们，人民群众的新期待在激励我们。让我们紧密地团结在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央周围，以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，全面贯彻落实习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神，万众一心，锐意进取，扎实工作，为全面建成小康社会、不断夺取中国特色社会主义新胜利、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而努力奋斗！ 3. We will continue to strengthen and improve work related to deputy services, foreign contacts, and self-improvement. We will improve the system for work related to deputies, effectively provide them with services and get them to fully play their role. First, we will strengthen relations between the Standing Committee and deputies. Members of the Chairperson's Council need to increase their exchanges with deputies they are partnered with through visits, phone calls and letters. When they go on trips to inspect compliance with laws or carry out investigations and studies or inspections, deputies they are partnered with should be invited to take part in relevant activities. We will establish a work mechanism for Standing Committee members and special committees to maintain contacts with NPC deputies, especially strengthen contacts with local-level deputies to the NPC, and ensure that social conditions and popular sentiment find ways to be heard. We will improve the mechanism for deputies to participate in the work of the Standing Committee and special committees, strive to make sure that all local-level deputies to the NPC can sit in on at least one Standing Committee meeting during their five-year term of office, and invite more deputies to participate in activities including inspections of compliance with laws and investigations and studies for pending legislation. Second, we will foster closer links between deputies and the people. We will improve the system for deputies to maintain close ties with the people, strengthen deputy contact offices, build a sound online platform, improve the work of inspection tours and investigations and studies on special topics by deputies, widen the channels and enrich the content of deputies' contacts with the people, and make better use of deputies' special role in understanding public feelings, reporting on popular sentiment and drawing on the wisdom of the people. Third, we will better serve deputies carrying out their duties. We will raise the quality of our handling of bills and proposals by deputies, expand the avenues by which deputies learn about what goes on in the NPC and the government as a whole, carry out special training sessions for deputies, and make sure that local-level deputies to the NPC attend at least one training session during their five-year tenure. We will conscientiously implement the major policies and principles and overall arrangements of the CPC Central Committee for the country's diplomatic work; strengthen exchanges and cooperation with parliaments and congresses of major countries, other developing countries, and neighboring countries; and strengthen and improve the mechanism for regular exchanges with foreign parliaments and congresses. We will develop diplomatic contacts through multiple channels in various ways; enhance mutual political trust, promote pragmatic cooperation and deepen friendship among our peoples; create a beneficial external environment for our country's reform, development and stability; and make our proper contribution to safeguarding world peace and stability and promoting common development. We will continue to strengthen the Standing Committee's self-improvement, adhere to the correct political orientation of the NPC's work, uphold the Party's leadership of the NPC's work, and firmly safeguard the authority of the Central Committee. We will uphold the principle of democratic centralism. We will implement the Party's mass line, genuinely increase our sense of political responsibility in representing the people in exercising the power of administering the country, and wholeheartedly serve the people. We will strengthen investigations and studies on new developments and problems that arise in the NPC's work concerning the Central Committee's major policy decisions and arrangements, and improve the NPC's work related to legislation, oversight and deputies. We will strengthen and promote publicity of and education in the legal system and create a sound atmosphere in which everyone study, respect, abide by, and apply the law. We will strictly abide by the Central Committee's eight-point decision on improving Party and government conduct, improve the systems for regularly improving the conduct of the NPC and practicing thrift, and firmly uphold the sanctity and authority of rules and regulations. We will continue to deliver special topic lectures to the Standing Committee, improve organizational methods, expand the scope of study, and obtain better results from study. We will strengthen leadership of the work of the special committees and give full play to their role. We will strengthen work relations with local people's congresses, strengthen work coordination, develop work exchanges, raise the overall effectiveness of the work of people's congresses, and work together to promote the building of socialist democracy and the socialist rule of law. NPC bodies should continue to strengthen their ranks on the basis of the requirements that their staff have firm ideals, are politically reliable and professionally competent, have a good work style, and are honest and industrious. September this year marks the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the NPC. Through practice we have fully verified that the system of people's congresses is the fundamental political system that conforms to China's national conditions, reflects the socialist nature of the state and guarantees the people's position as masters of the country, and is also the best way the Party can implement the mass line and make democracy flourish in organizations of state power. We should make the most of the occasion of commemorating the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the NPC to fully publicize the glorious history, outstanding achievements and practical experience of the system of people's congresses, as well as the great superiority of our country's fundamental political system, firmly maintain our confidence in the system of people's congresses, and advance it with the times. Fellow Deputies, A new journey of reform and opening up is summoning us, and new expectations of the people are energizing us. Let us rally closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary; take Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of Three Represents and the Scientific Outlook on Development as our guide; comprehensively implement the guidelines of General Secretary Xi Jinping's important speeches; work together as one; advance resolutely; do solid work; and strive mightily to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, constantly achieve new successes in socialism with Chinese characteristics, and realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Full Text: Work report of NPC Standing Committee
Editor:李莎宁
Source:新华社
Updated:2014-03-17 11:47:26
Source:新华社
Updated:2014-03-17 11:47:26
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