德国汉学家碰上长沙皮影戏：古老非遗的灿烂幻想丨世界看湖南②

“一口叙说千古事，双手对舞百万兵。”这就是长沙皮影戏。近日，湖南师范大学特聘教授、博导、国际汉学中心主任吴漠汀来到湖南雨花非遗馆，与长沙何氏皮影戏第四代传承人何怀玉进行了深入交流。

何怀玉告诉教授，在很久以前，皮影戏演员地位很低，甚至被蔑称为“戏子”。如今，皮影戏的艺术和文化价值才被逐渐挖掘，登上了全国乃至全世界的舞台。何怀玉的曾祖父何德润，就是南方皮影戏的代表人物之一。

对孩子们而言，皮影戏人物并不仅仅是没有灵魂的道具，而是童年时代最缤纷灿烂想象力的载体。为了把祖祖辈辈一直坚守的皮影戏传承好，何怀玉毅然辞掉了别人眼中的“铁饭碗”。将来，他希望能通过一些公益教育活动，把皮影戏带入校园。

吴漠汀教授说，何老师关于教育、传承的观点令他最受启发，也让他更深切感受到了中国传统文化的教育价值和艺术魅力。皮影戏是一项复合的艺术，它涵盖了文学、历史、诗歌、音乐、美术以及特技特效等各个学科的知识。孩子们无论接触哪一方面的知识，都能从相应的角度传承、发扬皮影戏和皮影文化。

采访结束时，何怀玉送给教授一组“中国古代四大美女”皮影人物，教授对其精美程度赞口不绝，并表示自己再一次感受到了长沙人民的热情，一定会将其挂在家中墙上好好欣赏、珍藏。

文化链接

中国皮影戏，是很早就走出国门的民间艺术。资料显示，元代皮影戏就随同蒙元军队到了欧州。从18世纪的歌德到后来的卓别林等世界名人，对中国的皮影艺术都曾给予高度的评价。1774年，在德国一个展览会上，歌德把中国皮影戏介绍给德国观众。之后，歌德又在1781年自己32岁生日当天演示中国皮影戏。这些精雕细刻、造型各异、活灵活现的皮影人，成为中国民间文化使者，受到德国乃至于欧洲多国民众的喜爱。

“一口叙说千古事，双手对舞百万兵。”This is Changsha shadow play.

This time Professor Woesler is with the shadow play master He Huaiyu who comes from a family with a long tradition on shadow play. He told Professor Woesler that the practitioner of shadow play were given an indecent name “戏子“ (xi zi). In the past, their profession has a rather low social status in China.

Nowadays, the artistic and cultural values of shadow play have drawn more public attention. Numerous shadow plays have been organized to be shown nationally, and abroad in many cultural exchange events. It became one of the national intangible cultural heritages. He Derun, Huaiyu’s great grandfather, played a major role in promoting it.

Several years ago, Huaiyu gave up his regular jobs, and decided to carry on this family’s tradition. In the future, Huaiyu will work with public educational programs and bring shadow play to campuses.

He told Professor Woesler that these characters in shadow play are not just props for children. They can become a part of the most marvelous childhood fantasies. Professor Woesler said, “perhaps this is the magical power of shadow play.”

Professor Woesler was amazed by the He’s persistence on shadow play. He considered it as a precious cultural heritage in the world. Goethe, the German poet, had also highly praised the art of shadow play in the 19th century. In the end of this tour, master He Huaiyu had given gifts to Professor Woesler, one of which is made of colored leather with a theme on Four great beauties in China. Professor Woesler appreciate these gifts and the friendship with Master He in this brief encounter.

He said that master He Huaiyu’s ideas about education and passing down the heritage inspired him the most, which has enhanced his impression on educational and artistic values of Chinese traditional culture. Shadow play is a composite art form that includes literature, history, poetry, music and so on. No matter which aspects of shadow play speaks with Children, they can promote the art of shadow play accordingly.

制作名单

嘉宾：吴漠汀（德）Martin Woesler、何怀玉

主持：傅澔乐

统筹：陈海波

监制：陈彦

执行：陈加宁、阮梓峰

摄像：陈左忆

后期：高国栋

特别鸣谢：湖南雨花非遗馆

相关链接

世界看湖南①丨“我们在湖南找世界，也找自己”